New estimates of the huge health costs associated with air pollution from coal power plants in the Western Balkan region were published in March by the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL). The report provides an estimate of the total health damage from air pollution released from coal power plants in five countries: Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Kosovo.
Currently home to 15 existing coal plants with an installed capacity of 8.1 gigawatt (GW), the region could see the installation of 24 new projects with 7.8 GW capacity. The estimated health costs of future coal plants are also shown in the report.
Table : The ten European coal power plants with the biggest emissions of sulphur dioxide (tonnes).
|
Country |
Plant name |
SO₂ |
|
Bosnia & Herzegovina |
Ugljevik |
154,385 |
|
Serbia |
Nikola Tesla B |
93,200 |
|
Serbia |
Kostolac B |
89,100 |
|
Greece |
Amintaio |
85,600 |
|
Bosnia & Herzegovina |
Kakanj |
73,123 |
|
Macedonia |
Bitola |
66,892 |
|
Poland |
Belchatow |
61,000 |
|
Bulgaria |
Maritsa iztok 2 |
54,100 |
|
Serbia |
Kostolac A |
51,700 |
|
Bosnia & Herzegovina |
Tuzla |
51,644 |
Source: Emissions data for 2013 from European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (EEA).
For its energy production, the region is heavily dependent on coal and lignite (the most polluting form of coal), and seven of the ten most polluting coal-fired power stations in Europe are located here (see table).
Air pollution is at levels that are up to two and a half times above national air quality safety limits and well beyond what the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends. According to the WHO, the estimated economic cost of early deaths from air pollution in Serbia amounts to 33.5 per cent of its GDP; in Bosnia and Herzegovina 21.5 per cent, in Macedonia 19.9 per cent and in Montenegro 14.5 per cent. By comparison, the figures for Germany and the UK are respectively 4.5 and 3.7 per cent.
The study puts the costs to health of emissions from existing coal plants in the five Western Balkan countries at up to €8.5 billion per year. This estimate covers costs directly related to air pollution from coal-fired electricity plants, including from premature deaths, respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions, new cases of chronic bronchitis and lower respiratory problems, medication use and days of restricted activity due to ill-health, including lost working days.
A large proportion – more than half – of the health costs caused by air pollution from coal-fired power plants in the five Western Balkan countries is borne by the population in surrounding countries due to the transboundary effects of air pollutants being carried by the wind. According to HEAL, this shows that the EU’s current efforts to improve air quality in its member countries should not stop at its borders. EU policy-makers should also put their weight behind demands for strong air quality and pollution control measures in its Western Balkan neighbours.
“Our new report quantifies the huge health costs associated with coal power generation in the Western Balkans, and uncovers the myth that coal is the cheapest form of energy,” says Anne Stauffer, Deputy Director of HEAL.
She continues: “Opting out of coal offers the prospect of a healthier and more prosperous future. The EU should encourage the change to a healthy energy future by significantly increasing financial support for renewables and energy savings – for example, under the pre-accession programme. It would improve air quality and help tackle climate change in both the Western Balkans and in the rest of Europe.”.
Christer Ågren
Source: HEAL press release 15 March 2016.
The report “The Unpaid Health Bill – How coal power plants in the Western Balkans make us sick” can be downloaded at: http://env-health.org/IMG/pdf/14032016_technical_report_balkans_coal_en_...
